01
Beneficial land application
Nutrient-bearing residuals applied to agricultural land under permit, where the material and the state program both allow it.
02
Anaerobic digestion
Organic residuals placed with digesters that capture the energy value and put the digestate to use.
03
Composting
Residuals composted where digestion is unavailable or the poorer fit.
04
Dewatering and volume reduction
Water removed before transport, which often changes the economics of every outlet above.
05
Last resort
Permitted treatment or disposal, once the routes above have been evaluated.